Short answer is No. But you can deploy a pre-built vCenter Server Appliance which is based in Linux (vCenter already installed and customized) VMware KB: Downloading and deploying the vCenter Server Appliance 5.x
If installing using a Windows server, you can reference the documentation:
Be mindful of the limitations of the vCenter Appliance compared to the Windows version. A few limitations on top of my head are:
- no linked mode
- IPV4 only
- can only use builtin PostgreSQL DB or external Oracle DB